The Rise of 4P Computing Solutions for the Developing World

4P Computing

Last August, I crowded a few friends into a Japanese restaurant in Silicon Valley to talk about technology in the developing world. Back then, the discussion swirled around One Laptop Per Child, as it was the most visible manifestation of our collective drive to spread appropriate information and communication technology beyond the world’s elite.

That’s because three years ago, Nicholas Negroponte stunned the technology industry and the development community with an amazing idea: One Laptop Per Child – a rugged yet low-cost computing device, the XO laptop, can empower primary education in the developing world.
His idea that low-power, appropriate performance, highly portable, and low-priced computers were not only possible, but could also radically change education in the developing world and computer manufacturing in the developed world was an instant hit with Presidents of the Global South.
While the global telecommunications industry was quick to dismiss his idea as folly, as I told the Economist in its article “The rise of the low-cost laptop“, they did not laugh long:

By raising the very possibility of a $100 laptop, the XO presented the industry with a challenge. Wayan Vota, founder of OLPCNews.com, an independent website that follows the project, calls the XO a “harbinger of an entirely new class of computers”.

As such a harbinger, OLPC took the concept of 4P Computing, first conceptualized by the Simputer, and made it a practical reality with the XO laptop. But in the many missteps we chronicled on OLPC News, it never really commercialized its lead. Instead we are witnessing a dramatic change in the low-cost laptop marketplace.
New low-cost laptops, 4P Computers, are popping up daily so I am hoping to reconvene a similar thoughtful discussion next week in San Francisco, but this time, OLPC will be but one option for us to talk about. Now not a day goes by without another announcement of a new laptop in the OLPC space with entrants from the practical Asus Eee PC to the seemingly comical Van Der Led “Jisus laptop”.
4P Computing
What is “4P Computing”? Its a simple acronym to describe these new computing devices that are now responding to four market requirements of the developing world, Power, Performance, Portability, Price. 4P Computing, or 4PC’s, is a better term than Intel’s “netbook” or the industry’s UMPC (ultra-mobile PC) and ULPC (ultra low-cost PC), because the term “4P Computing” leaves open the form factor and focuses on what really matters:
Power
In the developing world, grid electricity is rare, and generator power is shockingly expensive. Just listen to Michail Bletsas talk about the Negroponte-financed Cambodian school that inspired OLPC:

The largest operating expense for that school is the diesel fuel for the generator at this point in time. That includes airfare and living expenses for the volunteer teachers that teach there. That includes computers, amortized over 5 years. That includes building and maintaining the school. Getting diesel fuel to power the generator is the biggest ongoing operating expense.

To reach any level of market penetration, computers must be highly energy efficient, mainly to allow them to run off solar or other alternate energy sources, including human power. High energy efficiency also reduces heat waste, negating the need for a fan or other dust openings in the form factor, increasing processor lifespan.

Performance
If you look at any cybercafé in the developing world, you’ll see people actively engaged with computers, but only using a few applications. Web browsing, including web-email and video watching, listening to MP3’s, creating documents, and doing light calculations. These activities do not require high processing resources. In fact, the more progressive Internet cafés are using thin clients sharing a single processor.
What people do want is easy-to-use hardware and software that does not need constant maintenance. Specifically, software that resists viruses, the bane of any beginner user who doesn’t understand the real malice lurking online. Oh and software that is essentially free.
Yet, speed is not a major concern when Internet speeds are measured in Kbs, not Mbs. In addition, many cultures measure time in days or even seasons, so microseconds and even seconds are not fretted over. For all those that bemoan Sugar’s speed, the usual response I hear overseas is: “What’s your hurry?”
Portability
This type of computing device must be portable. That means both lightweight and small enough to carry around in a backpack or under a child’s arm, and yet rugged enough to survive such portability on a daily basis.
Ruggeness extends from a strong physical design, down to water and dust resistant cases, solid-state memory, and screens that can be read in daylight. Yet weight cannot exceed a few pounds with 2 kilograms the maximum upper limit. At that point both the physical effort to carry the machine and its mass if dropped, make it impractical for developing world environments where dedicated computer rooms or home offices are rare.
There, most activity happens in a communal setting, be it the living room, dining room table, or front porch. Computing will need to bend to this model.

Price
Why did Nicholas Negroponte start with the “$100 laptop” moniker? Because people understand price, they respond to a barrier breaking move, and $100 is a nice number to dream about. While $100 is still a dream for OLPC, even the $400 G1G1 reality has set a new price point.
At $400, the growing middle class in Africa, Asia, and South America can buy their first computer, no matter what Annette Jump at Gartner says, $400 may be a month’s salary to many, but computers were a month’s salary in the US until not too long ago, and that didn’t slow adoption. Add in computing as a way to improve children’s education, and as any parent will tell you, price becomes secondary.
But price still matters. At $400 or less the developing world makert will expand rapidly and a whole other market emerges. As G1G1 proved first, at least 81,000 people in America and Canada will buy a laptop, if only to tinker with it. Asus has taken that idea and expanded it with the Eee PC to about 500,000 laptops last year with a 3.1 million goal for 2008.
4P Computing Players
Borrowing liberally from the Laptop Mag low-cost laptop cheat sheet, I’ve made the following comparison of the current 4P Computing players:

4PC Name	Power	Perform	Portability	Price
Asus Eee PC	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Classmate/2Go PC	No	Yes	No	Yes
Elonex One	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Everex Cloudbook	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
HP Mini-Note PC	No	Yes	No	No
Norhtec Gecko	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
OLPC XO-1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

No matter if you agree with my new 4PC tag line, I think we can all agree that this ever-expanding list of computing options realizes one of the dreams that both Nicholas Negroponte and I share: showing technology companies that there is both a mission and a market in the developing world.